Diarrhea is a common digestive problem which results in the frequent passing of loose and watery stools. This happens when too much fluid is released into the digestive system or not enough fluids are absorbed as food passes through the intestines. Someone suffering from diarrhea will experience an urgent, almost uncontrollable need to have a bowel movement and may need to go several times within a few hours. Depending on the cause, diarrhea may be accompanied by stomach cramps, vomiting, a high temperature or chills.

Common causes of diarrhea

Infections: One of the most common causes of diarrhea is due to an infection. This could be through eating contaminated food, resulting in food poisoning, or via a foodborne virus, for example, norovirus. Highly contagious viruses such as this, can be caught by eating or drinking something which is contaminated with the virus. Alternatively, it can be caught from someone who already has the virus. Both can bring on sudden vomiting and watery diarrhea.

IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome is a common digestive problem which can cause bloating, abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. This can mean someone with IBS suffers from diarrhea one day and constipation the next. It’s often caused by stress or adverse reactions to certain foods.

Intestinal diseases: Crohn’s Disease and ulcerative colitis are both inflammatory bowel disorders whereby sufferers are unable to properly absorb nutrients.  Nausea, diarrhea and abdominal pain are common symptoms.

Laxatives: When used as advised, laxatives help bring relief for constipation. However, taking too many will lead to diarrhea. Certain foods which are eaten in excess, for example prunes, prune juice, figs and apples can cause a laxative effect and possibly diarrhea. Additionally, some diet products as well as chewing gum or medications may contain ingredients such as sorbitol or lactulose which can cause diarrhea.

Weight loss drugs: Certain weight loss drugs which interfere with the way fat is absorbed by the body can produce uncontrollable diarrhea if too many fatty foods are consumed.

Cancer treatment: People undergoing cancer treatment such as chemotherapy can experience diarrhea. This is because the drugs used can affect the intestinal tract, interfering with the body’s ability to absorb food. And some cancers, such as bowel cancer may exhibit diarrhea as a symptom.

How to treat diarrhea

In cases of an infection or virus, diarrhea should stop within a few days. In the meantime, it’s important to replace lost fluids and electrolytes by drinking plenty of water or re-hydration drinks. Once someone feels up to eating again, it’s best to start with bland, easily digestible foods such as live yogurt. Those with longer term intestinal problems should take dietary advice to help relieve their symptoms and ensure they are absorbing enough nutrients.

Diarrhea is an unpleasant and sometimes painful digestive problem which people may experience one or times a year. Most cases of diarrhea are caused by a foodborne illness which usually lasts for a few days. However, others with certain intestinal illnesses can suffer from it on a continual basis and may require medical assistance and special dietary help.

Whatever the cause for diarrhea, it’s important that the sufferer receives adequate treatment, including replacement of lost fluids and a suitable dietary plan to ensure they receive adequate nutrients.